With the Comrades Marathon taking place on Sunday, I thought
it appropriate to look at another injury that commonly affects runners, namely Achilles
tendinitis, or inflammation of the Achilles tendon. This is the most common
type of tendinitis, affecting the Achilles tendon, which connects the two main
calf muscles to the back of the heel.
Risk Factors
The following factors may increase one’s chances of
developing Achilles tendinitis:
·
Tight and weak calf muscles
·
Foot deformities affecting the alignment of the
foot
·
A recent change in running shoes or surface
·
A sudden increase in training intensity, either
distance, speed or hill work
Due to its position in the body, the Achilles tendon bears a
significant amount of force, subjecting it to injuries such as rupture and
tendinitis.
Signs and Symptoms
Acute signs and symptoms include the following:
·
Burning or aching in the back of the heel
·
Increased pain when stretching the calf muscles
or rising up onto ones toes
·
Tenderness to the touch on the Achilles tendon
itself
Chronic signs and symptoms include:
·
Pain that is exacerbated by exercise
·
Pain that becomes constant
·
A thickened tendon
·
Pain only on the back outer part of the heel
·
Muscle spasms and tightness, combined with
reduced flexibility in the calf muscles
·
Radiographs may show bony deformities and
calcifications
Management
Acute treatment includes ice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs and activity modification. Complete rest for up to three weeks may be
necessary in more severe cases. Surgery may be necessary in chronic cases where
conservative treatment does not alleviate symptoms.
An appropriate stretching and strengthening programme is
essential to prevent recurrence of this injury. Once the acute pain has
subsided, consult a Biokineticist to assist you with this programme.
References
Foundations of Athletic Training: Prevention, Assessment and
Management.
