Achilles tendon rupture refers to the complete tearing of
the Achilles tendon. It is among the most severe muscular conditions of the
lower leg and is extremely painful. Usually, the rupture occurs as one pushes
off the front of the foot, as in any propulsive activities, such as running and
jumping.
Prevalence
This injury is most prevalent in individuals between the
ages of 30 and 50 years. The rupture most commonly occurs between 2.5 and 5 centimetres
above the heel bone, anatomically known as the calcaneus.
Signs and Symptoms
One can feel and hear a “pop” in the back of the ankle and
there is extreme pain, often described as being shot or kicked in the heel. The
following will also be present:
·
Visible defect in the tendon itself
·
The inability to stand on tiptoes or balance on
the affected leg
·
Swelling and bruising around the ankle
·
Excessive range of motion when pulling the
forefoot upwards
Treatment
In a complete Achilles tendon rupture, surgery is required
to reattach the tendon to the calcaneus, especially in younger, more active
individuals. A cast is required to ensure the foot remains immobilized while
the tendon heals. Physiotherapy is then required to regain range of motion in
the ankle joint. Finally, biokinetic therapy is essential to provide stretching
and strengthening exercises in order to regain full function. This process
usually takes at least 6 months.
References
Foundations of Athletic Training: Prevention, Assessment and
Management
