A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when
there is a disruption of the blood supply to the brain. A stroke can,
therefore, either be caused by a lack of blood supply – a blockage, such as a thrombosis or embolism, or
it can be caused by too much blood supply causing a vessel to burst, for
example a haemorrhage. The result of both of these causes is cell death within
the brain due to insufficient blood and oxygen being delivered to these cells. This
causes impaired function of the central nervous system. The degree of
impairment depends on the number of vessels affected, as well as the area of
the brain affected.
According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM),
the following risk factors may lead to increased chances of having a stroke:
·
High blood pressure
·
Diabetes
·
Smoking
·
Alcoholism
·
Coronary artery disease
·
Obesity
·
High cholesterol
The following signs may be present following a stroke
(ACSM):
·
Impaired motor and sensory function on one side
of the body
·
Impaired sight
·
Impaired speech
·
Mental confusion
·
Impaired ability to control voluntary movements
One’s response time to a possible stroke can make a
significant difference to the person’s prognosis. The American Stroke
Association sums this up with the following image:
Exercise is extremely important in managing the risk factors
for stroke – maintaining a healthy weight, improving blood pressure and
cholesterol, and managing diabetes and heart disease.
Biokinetic therapy (specialised exercise therapy) is
particularly important following a stroke,
so that as much motor function is regained as possible. Some people may recover
completely, others will not. The Biokinetic therapy will improve the chances of
regaining full motor function. It is, therefore, essential to consult a
Biokineticist as soon after the stroke as possible, so that exercise
rehabilitation can start. This therapy will focus on regaining strength and
motor control in order to be able to perform activities of daily living.
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